Personnel Management System(PMS)

1. Introduction to LMS A learning management system (LMS) or virtual learning environment (VLE) is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting, automation, and delivery of educational courses, training programs, materials or learning and development programs.The learning management system concept emerged directly from e-Learning. Learning management systems make up the largest segment of the learning system market. The first introduction of the LMS was in the late 1990s.LMSs have been adopted by almost all higher education institutions in the English-speaking world.Learning management systems have faced a massive growth in usage due to the emphasis on remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic (Silva,2013). Learning management systems were designed to identify training and learning gaps, using analytical data and reporting. LMSs are focused on online learning delivery but support a range of uses, acting as a platform for online content, including courses, both asynchronous based and synchronous based. In the higher education space, an LMS may offer classroom management for instructor-led training or a flipped classroom. Modern LMSs include intelligent algorithms to make automated recommendations for courses based on a user's skill profile as well as extract metadata from learning materials to make such recommendations even more accurate (Oliveira et al,2016). 1.1 Structural design of LMS The architecture of a learning management system (LMS) is designed to provide a comprehensive online learning environment. It contains 11 modules, namely user management, which is used for user registration and verification, and control access levels by managing roles and permissions. The second is course management, where teachers create and organize courses, students register, and course content is structured for easy navigation. The third is content management, which uploads and manages learning materials (including text, multimedia, and documents), ensuring version control and accessibility. The fourth is learning progress tracking, which can track the progress of users in the course, including completed activities and assessments, and generate reports to monitor performance. The fifth is assessment and evaluation, which provides tools for assignment submission, grading, quizzes, tests, and feedback mechanisms for teachers and classmates. The sixth is communication and collaboration, where trainers can promote interaction between trainers and teachers through discussion forums, messaging, and group collaboration spaces on this platform. The seventh is analysis and reporting, where data analysis tools monitor user engagement and performance, and provide insights to administrators and teachers through reports. The eighth is management and configuration, where administrators manage system settings, user accounts, customization options, and integration with external tools. Ninth, security and compliance. The LMS platform provides measures to ensure user data protection, compliance with privacy regulations, and secure access control and encryption. Tenth, mobile accessibility. Responsive design and native mobile applications support access through iOS and Android devices, ensuring flexibility for trainers. Eleventh, support and help. There are user support channels (including help desks, FAQs, user guides and tutorials) to provide help, as well as continuous maintenance and updates to enhance user experience and platform functionality. This structured approach ensures that the platform is powerful and user-friendly, providing educators and learners with an effective teaching and learning experience (Schoonenboom,2014). 1.2 Functions of LMS The functions of LMS are two-fold. The first is the changes it brings to educational institutions, and the second is to provide teacher training. The changes it brings to educational institutions are, first, a unified teaching management platform. LMS provides a centralized platform that facilitates teachers to manage course content, homework, and quizzes in an orderly manner, and interact with students to better carry out teaching activities. The second is the support for online and hybrid learning. With the development of educational technology, LMS supports the combination of online learning and traditional face-to-face teaching (i.e., hybrid learning) to meet the learning needs of different students. The third is resource sharing and reuse. Educational resources (such as teaching plans, courseware, and exercises) can be easily shared and reused on LMS to improve the efficiency of educational resource utilization. The fifth is interaction and cooperation. LMS usually includes functions such as discussion areas and chat rooms to promote interaction and cooperation between students and between teachers and students. The sixth is the improvement of education quality and effectiveness. By analyzing students' learning behaviors through data collected by LMS, teachers can adjust teaching strategies in a timely manner to improve teaching quality (Kasim & Khalid,2016). Provide employee training ， Firstly ， new employee orientation training,introduce necessary school policies, work processes and school culture to teachers, and ensure that employees understand and comply with industry standards, such as health and safety training.Secondly,skill development and professional training,LMS provide professional skills training for different positions and departments, such as leadership training and management skills improvement courses.Thirdly,Performance tracking and management, evaluate employee training results and work performance, and conduct relevant performance evaluations.Forthly,knowledge management and sharing, create a knowledge base to facilitate employees to access school policies, teacher manuals and best practices at any time.The last is cross-regional training,all employees can be trained uniformly through the LMS system, which is more convenient and efficient (Piccoli et al,2001). 2. Benefits and Advantages of LMS The benefits and advantages of LMS are three-fold: the first is centralized learning management, the second is easy access and use of training resources, and the third is tracking and reporting functions. 2.1 Centralized learning management The first benefit is a variety of training and learning resources,LMS provides a centralized platform to create, manage, and track all learning activities.The second is resource sharing and cooperation. This platform can promote resource sharing and collaborative learning, and enhance the connection of the learning community. The third is knowledge management and inheritance. LMS helps schools build and maintain knowledge bases, which can better preserve and inherit resources. As a learning and training platform, LMS not only brings a variety of resources to students' learning, but also provides more channels for teacher training, making the school's teacher training more convenient and centralized, and also providing a variety of possibilities for the professional development of teachers. 2.2 Easy access and use of training resources The first is to use it at any time. Trainers can access courses and materials anytime and anywhere through the Internet, especially in some remote areas where the Internet is not well developed. Teachers can download training materials and courses for teacher training without having to attend training at a specific time. The second is to support distance learning. The teacher training model of LMS breaks geographical restrictions, supports distance learning and distance training, and reduces the gap between urban and rural teachers, especially in terms of teacher expertise, teaching skills and student management. The third is interoperability. The data standards on LMS allow information to be exchanged from one system to another. Teachers can log in to the same account through mobile phones, computers or iPads for learning and training. The fourth part is flexibility and accessibility. Teachers can learn at any location according to their own schedules. Teachers in different regions can enjoy the same resources. Teachers can use their free time to participate in training, which can not only improve work efficiency, but also make better use of time. 2.3 Tracking and reporting functions The first is to evaluate the training effect. School human resource managers can effectively track teachers' learning progress and results, including training duration, courses participated in training and test results, and can provide teachers with timely feedback and suggestions. The second is to promote the management of training results. Teachers provide tests to verify the training results through training. Schools can choose tests to test the results of teacher training, making teacher training management more targeted. The third is to provide personalized learning paths. Teachers can participate in various training activities. School human resource managers provide personalized training paths and resources for different trainees by evaluating the training results. 3. System Operation Flow and Usage Guide 3.1 Office 365 LMS Office 365 LMS (Learning Management System) is a powerful and flexible online learning and education management solution developed by Microsoft based on the Office 365 platform, Microsoft Teams, One Note, LMS (Learning Management System) is an online portal connecting instructors and An online portal connecting instructors and training personnel. It provides an easy way to share classroom materials and activities. It is also a portal that enables lecturers to interact and discuss outside the classroom through forums. In today's information technology-enabled world, the Internet is readily available and accessible, even in urban areas where most universities are located. The Internet is defined as a vast computer network connecting smaller computer networks around the world, including commercial, educational, governmental and other networks, all using the same communication protocols. As a result, teachers can use it very easily for communication and learning (Adzharuddin and Ling, 2013). 3.2 Core Functions Course Management The Office 365 LMS has powerful course management features that make it easy to design and manage courses. A variety of courses can be easily designed, including online courses and hybrid courses (courses that combine online and offline). Instructors can upload different types of course resources, such as videos, documents and PPTs, and define course objectives, descriptions and schedules using a simple interface. In addition, real-time monitoring of learner progress allows them to ensure that trainees complete their work in time and understand what they are learning (Bradley,2021). User Management The user management features of the Office 365 LMS allow administrators to easily manage all users in the system. Administrators can assign relevant responsibilities and permissions to various individuals, such as administrators and tutors. The learner management function simplifies the user management process by supporting the rapid addition and removal of course attendees by searching for users and bulk importing user lists (Davis et al, 2009). Interaction and Collaboration Interaction and collaboration are key features of the Office 365 LMS. Through built-in discussion forums and chat rooms, lecturers and students can communicate and interact with each other in real-time. Instructors can launch discussion topics, while students can participate in discussions and share ideas and questions. Announcements and notifications allow lecturers to post important information and updates, while students can get timely updates about the course. In addition, the system is deeply integrated with Microsoft Teams to support video conferencing and online lectures, further enhancing interaction and collaboration. Assessments and Quizzes The assessment and quiz functionality allows instructors to create and manage different types of quizzes and assignments online. Instructors can set the type, number and difficulty of quizzes and set detailed marking criteria. The system supports automated marking and results analysis, allowing instructors to quickly monitor student progress. Students can submit assignments online and lecturers can grade and provide feedback online, increasing efficiency and transparency in assessment. Reporting and Data Analysis Office 365 LMS has built-in powerful reporting and data analysis features. Tutors and administrators can generate a variety of detailed learning reports and performance reports to understand course effectiveness and student performance. Through data analysis, tutors can identify students' learning weaknesses and formulate targeted teaching improvement measures. The system also supports exporting reports for easy sharing and archiving. Integration and Extension Office 365 LMS seamlessly integrates with other Office 365 applications such as Microsoft Teams, OneNote, SharePoint, etc. to provide a unified user experience. Users can complete all learning and teaching tasks in the familiar Office 365 environment, reducing learning costs and operational complexity. In addition, the system supports integration with a variety of third-party tools and platforms, expanding the functions and application scenarios of the LMS to meet the diverse needs of different organisations and enterprises. 3.3 Scenarios Educational Institutions: From basic education to higher education, Office 365 LMS provides comprehensive online learning solutions for schools and universities, supporting all aspects of course creation, student management, interactive teaching and assessment. Corporate Training: Organisations can use Office 365 LMS for employee training and skills upgrading, providing online courses, training materials and assessment tools to support large-scale online training and certification. Professional Training Organisations: Professional training organisations of all kinds can use Office 365 LMS to deliver customised courses and training services to meet the needs of specific areas of expertise. 4. Price Strategy and Examples 4.1 Office 365 LMS Price Office 365 LMS Price is 269 per year.1 TB of cloud storage for PC, Mac, iPhone, iPad, and Android phones and tablets for one person Microsoft 365 Personal Edition includes 1 TB of cloud storage, advanced security features, and innovative apps. Available on up to 5 devices at the same time.Works on PCs, Macs, iPhones, iPads and Android phones and tablets. 1 TB (1,000 GB) of secure cloud storage. Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote with offline access and advanced features Microsoft Defender provides advanced security for your personal data and devices Outlook Ad-free secure email. Microsoft Editor Advanced spelling, grammar, and writing assistance, Clipchamp video editor with advanced filters and effects, Expanded content library of high-quality photos, icons, fonts, video, and audio, Contact tech support via chat or email to get help when you need it. 4.2 COVID-19 and Learning Management Systems The suspension of in-school learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic change in how teachers and students at all levels interact and engage with learning materials. UNESCO estimates that as of May 25, 2020, approximately 990,324,537 learners (56.6% of total students) were affected by COVID-19-related school closures. In many countries, online education through the use of learning management systems has become a focus of teaching and learning. For example, statistics from one university’s learning management system during the early stages of school closures (March to June 2020) showed that student submissions and activity were almost double the pre-pandemic usage. During this period, student satisfaction with LMS usage was strongly associated with the quality of information contained in LMS modules and maintaining student self-efficacy. From a teacher’s perspective, a study of K-12 teachers in Finland reported high teacher acceptance of LMS technology, however, training support and the development of methods to maintain student engagement are key to long-term success. In developing countries, the transition to LMS usage faces many challenges, including the low number of institutions using LMS before the pandemic, technical infrastructure limitations, and negative user attitudes toward technology.

1. System overview A Supplementary Pension System is an additional retirement savings plan provided by an employer to supplement the state or basic pension. The system provides employees with additional financial security after retirement through the joint contribution of enterprises and employees. Such systems play an important role in increasing employees' economic security, job satisfaction and organizational competitiveness. Functions and features The core functions of the supplementary pension system include account management, investment options, pension collection, etc. The system offers flexible payment plans and a variety of investment options that employees can adjust according to their personal financial situation and retirement plans. In addition, the system has automated management capabilities that can calculate and record employee and employer pension contributions in real time, and provide account balance and earnings inquiries. 1.3 Technical architecture The system typically uses a cloud-based technology architecture, such as Oracle HCM Cloud. The cloud solution has efficient management and operational capabilities and can be seamlessly integrated with other HR management systems to improve overall operational efficiency. User experience The system is designed with an intuitive and easy-to-use user interface so that employees can easily view and manage their retirement accounts. Through regular user feedback surveys, the system continuously optimizes the user experience to ensure that it meets user needs. Security and privacy The Supplementary pension system has adopted strict measures in terms of data protection and privacy, in compliance with international data protection regulations such as GDPR. The system adopts encryption technology and multiple authentication mechanism to ensure the security of user data. Maintenance and support The system offers comprehensive technical support and maintenance services, including 24/7 customer service and regular software updates. Educational institutions also provide employees with detailed training materials and user manuals to help them better use the system. cost-effectiveness The system adopts two pricing models: user license fee and per-usage fee. According to the PPT, the annual cost of the system is estimated to be between $200,000 and $250,000, including basic costs and technical support. By comparing the features provided by the system, it can be seen that it is cost-effective and can bring significant long-term benefits to educational institutions. 2.Data and statistical analysis 2.1 Participation and fund accumulation By participating in the Supplementary pension plan, faculty members can accumulate certain funds during their employment, providing a stable financial source for retirement. Statistics show that the quality of life after retirement of employees who participate in the program is significantly improved. 2.2 Job satisfaction and retention rate Supplementary pension systems enhance employee job security and loyalty, showing higher job satisfaction and retention rates. By implementing this system, educational institutions are able to attract and retain more talented people, improving their overall competitiveness and reputation. 3. Appropriate paradigms in educational organizations summarize Stanford University offers its faculty and staff a Supplemental Retirement Savings plan, which is designed to promote a sense of financial security and quality of life for employees through additional financial security. Stanford's Supplemental pension system uses the Oracle HCM Cloud platform, a comprehensive cloud-based human resources management system that efficiently manages employees' retirement savings accounts. Functions and features Automatic Management Stanford University's supplemental pension system is highly automated. The system automatically calculates and records employee and employer pension contributions, reducing the complexity and potential errors of manual processing. Each employee's account information, including balances, payment history and investment returns, can be queried in real time. Flexible investment options The system offers employees a variety of investment options. Employees can choose a portfolio that works for them based on their individual risk tolerance and retirement plans. This flexibility not only enhances employees' autonomy, but also increases their potential return on investment. User-friendly interface The Oracle HCM Cloud platform is designed with an intuitive and easy-to-use user interface. Employees can easily view and manage their own account information, make investment choices and adjustments, and conduct financial planning through the tools provided by the system. This user-friendliness increases employee engagement and satisfaction. 3.3 Implementation effect Management efficiency improvement By introducing the Oracle HCM Cloud platform, Stanford University has significantly improved the efficiency of benefits management. Automated management processes reduce the need for manual operations, reduce error rates, and improve data accuracy and timeliness. The detailed reports and data analysis tools generated by the system help managers make better decisions and plans. Increase employee satisfaction Transparent and convenient management methods increase employee satisfaction. Employees can check their accounts at any time to see the growth of their pension and investment gains, enhancing their confidence and expectations for retirement. In addition, flexible investment options and autonomous account management give employees a greater sense of autonomy and financial control. 3.3.3 Employer competitiveness enhancement By offering a premium supplemental pension plan, Stanford has achieved remarkable results in recruiting and retaining talented people. The system demonstrates the importance and commitment of the University to the welfare of its employees and enhances the sense of belonging and loyalty of its employees, thereby enhancing the overall competitiveness and reputation. 4. Case study The case of Stanford University's supplementary pension system shows a successful implementation and application process, which provides valuable reference and reference for other educational institutions. By implementing the Oracle HCM Cloud platform, Stanford University has achieved a high degree of automation and efficiency in the management of benefits, significantly reducing the workload of managers, while also improving the accuracy and timeliness of data processing. This automated management process not only reduces the potential for manual errors, but also makes the management of pensions more transparent and efficient. The system provides employees with flexible investment options, and employees can choose and adjust their investment portfolios according to their personal risk tolerance and retirement plans. This flexibility enhances employees' sense of control over their financial future, making them feel more confident and secure when it comes to retirement savings. With real-time access, employees can keep track of their accounts at all times, ensuring they have a clear picture of how their pension is accumulating and growing. User-friendly interface design makes the use of the system very simple and intuitive. Employees do not need to have advanced financial knowledge or computer skills to get started and manage their pension accounts effectively. This ease of use greatly increases employee engagement and satisfaction, and also reduces the need and cost of training. The Stanford case also demonstrates the important role of supplementary pension systems in making employers more competitive. By offering quality pension plans, universities are able to attract and retain more talented people. In addition to salary, welfare is also an important consideration for employees when choosing an employer. Stanford University has demonstrated an emphasis on employee welfare and enhanced the sense of belonging and loyalty of employees, thus occupying a favorable position in the fierce competition for educational institutions. To sum up, Stanford University, through the successful implementation of the supplementary pension system, has significantly improved the efficiency of benefit management and employee satisfaction, and also enhanced its competitiveness. This case provides valuable experience and reference for other educational institutions. In the future, more educational institutions can learn from the successful experience of Stanford University to optimize their own welfare management system, improve employees' financial security and organizational management efficiency. 5. Solutions 5.1 Clear Policies and Procedures Develop detailed policies for eligibility, contribution standards, investment options, retirement benefit calculations, and withdrawal conditions.Ensure all policies are documented and accessible to employees. 5.2 Robust Management and Operational Systems Establish a dedicated human resources department or committee to manage and supervise the system.Implement comprehensive information systems for accurate data management and efficient service provision. 5.3 Active Promotion and Training Conduct internal notifications, training courses, and information sessions to inform employees about the system.Invite professionals to enhance employees' understanding of the system. 5.4 Sound Supervision and Evaluation Mechanism Regularly review and evaluate the system's operation, addressing issues promptly.Establish a complaint and appeal mechanism for employees. 6. Challenges Complex Policy Communication Ensuring all employees understand detailed policies and stay updated on changes can be challenging.Clear and continuous communication is necessary to maintain understanding and engagement. Management and Supervision Managing contributions, investments, and disbursements effectively requires a dedicated and skilled team.Monitoring and evaluating the system regularly to identify and address issues promptly. Data Management Maintaining accurate and up-to-date records in the information system is crucial.Ensuring data integrity and security while providing easy access for employees. Employee Participation and Training Encouraging employee participation and investment in the system can be challenging. Providing ongoing education and training to keep employees informed and engaged. 7. Overall Presentation The supplemental retirement system in education institutions is a significant benefit that enhances the welfare of faculty and staff, boosts job stability and loyalty, and improves the institution's competitiveness and reputation. Effective operation of this system involves clear policies, robust management, comprehensive information systems, active promotion, and sound supervision. However, challenges such as complex policy communication, management and supervision, data management, and encouraging employee participation need to be addressed. By implementing the proposed solutions, education institutions can ensure a smooth operation of the supplemental retirement system, providing reliable retirement support and enhancing overall job satisfaction and institutional success.